In reaction to his discovery of the chart’s origins in the 1957 article, the chairman of the committee, Senator Carl Levin (D-Mich.), said that “every American would be shocked” by the source of the document, which was used to train American interrogators. “What makes this document doubly stunning is that these were techniques to get false confessions,” said Senator Levin. “People say we need intelligence, and we do. But we don’t need false intelligence.”
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